How to open a dairy farm?
Want to start a dairy farm but don't know where to begin? Then you've come to the right place!
Our comprehensive guide covers everything related to opening a dairy farm - from choosing the right concept to setting out your marketing plan and financing your business.
You'll also learn how to assess the profitability of your business idea and decide whether or not it can be viable from a financial perspective.
Ready to kickstart your entrepreneurial journey? Let's begin!
Learn how a dairy farm works
Before you can start a dairy farm, you need to have a solid understanding of how the business works and what are its main revenue streams.
This will give you a glimpse into the profitability potential of your venture, whilst allowing you to decide whether or not it is a good fit for your situation (current skill set, savings and capital available to start the business, and family responsibilities).
It may be that creating a dairy farm is an excellent idea, but just not the right one for you.
Before starting their own company, successful entrepreneurs typically:
- Consult with and take advice from experienced dairy farm owners
- Acquire hands-on experience by working in an operational dairy farm
- Take relevant training courses
Let's explore each option in a bit more detail.
Consulting with and taking advice from experienced dairy farm owners
Having "seen it all", established business owners can offer valuable insights and hands-on advice drawn from their own experiences.
This is because, through both successes and failures, they've gained a more informed and practical understanding of what it takes to build and sustain a successful dairy farm over the long term.
Acquiring hands-on experience by working in an operational dairy farm
If you want to open a dairy farm, having industry-specific experience is imperative because it equips you with the knowledge, network, and acumen necessary to navigate challenges and make informed decisions critical to the success of your future business.
You'll also be able to judge whether or not this business idea is suitable for you or if there might be conflicts of interest with your personal life (for example, long working hours could be incompatible with raising young children).
This work experience will also help you to make contacts in the industry and familiarise yourself with customers and their expectations, which will prove invaluable when you set up your dairy farm.
Take relevant training courses
Taking a training course is another way of familiarising yourself with the business model of your future activity before you decide to make the jump.
You may choose to complete a training course to obtain a certificate or degree, or just take online courses to acquire practical skills.
Before going any further in setting up your venture
Before you go any further with your plans to open a dairy farm, make sure you have a clear vision of what it will take in terms of:
- What skills are needed to run the business successfully (do you have some or all of these skills?)
- What a standard working week looks like (does it suit your personal commitments?)
- What sales potential and long-term growth prospects the dairy farm has (compare this with your level of ambition)
- What options you'll have once you decide to retire (or move on and inevitably sell the company)
This analysis of the business model and the constraints of the business should help you to check that your idea of launching a dairy farm fits your entrepreneurial profile.
If there is a match, it will then be time to look at assembling the founding team of your business.
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Assemble your dairy farm's founding team
The next step to start your dairy farm is to think about the ideal founding team, or to go in alone (which is always an option).
Setting up a business with several partners is a way of reducing the (high) risk of launching a dairy farm since it allows the financial risk of the project to be shared between the co-founders.
This also allows the company to benefit from a greater diversity of profiles in the management team and to spread the burden of decision-making over several shoulders.
But, running a business with multiple co-founders brings its own challenges. Disagreements between co-founders are quite common, and these can pose risks to the business. That's why it's crucial to consider all aspects before starting your business.
To make an informed decision, we suggest asking yourself these questions:
- How many co-founders would increase the project's chances of success?
- Do you and your potential partners share the same aspirations for the project?
- What is your plan B in case of failure?
Let's examine each of these questions in detail.
How many co-founders would increase the project's chances of success?
The answer to this question will depend on a number of factors, including:
- Your savings compared with the amount of initial capital needed to launch the dairy farm
- The skills you have compared with those needed to make a success of such a project
- How you want key decisions to be taken in the business (an odd number of partners or a majority partner is generally recommended to avoid deadlock)
Put simply, your partners contribute money and/or skills, and increasing the number of partners is often a good idea when one of these resources is in short supply.
Do you and your potential partners share the same aspirations for the project?
One of the key questions when selecting your potential partners will be their expectations. Do you want to create a small or large business? What are your ambitions for the next 10 or 15 years?
It's better to agree from the outset on what you want to create to avoid disagreements, and to check that you stay on the same wavelength as the project progresses to avoid frustration.
What is your plan B in case of failure?
Of course, we wish you every success, but it's wise to have a plan B when setting up a business.
How you handle the possibility of things not working out can depend a lot on the kind of relationship you have with your co-founders (like being a close friend, spouse, former colleague, etc.) and each person's individual situation.
Take, for instance, launching a business with your spouse. It may seem like a great plan, but if the business doesn't succeed, you could find yourself losing the entire household income at once, and that could be quite a nerve-wracking situation.
Similarly, starting a business partnership with a friend has its challenges. If the business doesn't work out or if tough decisions need to be made, it could strain the friendship.
It's essential to carefully evaluate your options before starting up to ensure you're well-prepared for any potential outcomes.
Conducting market research for a dairy farm
The next step in launching a dairy farm is to carry out market research. Let's take a look at what this involves.
The objectives of market research
The objective here is very simple: to assess the level of demand for your business and whether there is an opportunity for it to thrive in your chosen location.
The first step will be to check that the market is not saturated with competing offers and that there is room for a new player: your dairy farm.
Your market analysis will also help you identify a concept and market positioning that has every chance of being successful in your target market, thereby helping increase your business's chances of success.
Carrying out market research for your dairy farm will also enable you to better understand the expectations of your future customers and the most effective ways to communicate with them in your marketing plan.
Analyse key trends in the industry
Your market research should start with an industry analysis in order to gain a good understanding of the main players and current trends in your sector.
Once you've delved into the current state of the market, it will be time to assess what proportion of your target market can be seized by your dairy farm. To do this, you will need to consider both the demand and supply side of the market.
Assess the demand
After checking out the industry, let's shift our focus to figuring out what your potential customers want and how they like to buy.
A classic mistake made by first-time entrepreneurs is to assess demand on the global or national market instead of concentrating on their target market. Only the market share that can be captured by your company in the short term matters.
Your demand analysis should seek to find answers to the following questions:
- Who are your target customers?
- How many are there?
- What are their expectations?
- What are their buying habits?
- How much budget do they have?
- What are the different customer segments and their characteristics?
- What are the main distribution channels and means of communication for reaching each segment?
The aim of the demand analysis is to identify the customer segments that could be targeted by your dairy farm and what products and services you need to offer to meet their expectations.
Analyse the supply side
You will also have to familiarize yourself with the competing dairy farms on the market targeted by your future business.
Amongst other things, you’ll need to ask yourself:
- Who are the main competitors?
- How many competitors are already present?
- Where are they located?
- How many people do they employ?
- What is their turnover?
- How do they set their prices?
- Are they small independent businesses or national players?
- Do they seem to be in difficulty or are they flourishing?
- What is their market positioning?
- What types of products and services do they offer?
- What do customers seem to like about them?
The aim of the competitive analysis is to identify who your competitors will be and to gather information that will help you find a differentiating commercial positioning (more on that later in this guide).
Regulations
Conducting market research is also an opportunity to look at the regulations and conditions required to do business.
You should ask yourself the following questions:
- Do you need to have a specific degree to open a dairy farm?
- Do you need specific licences or permits?
- What are the main regulations applicable to your future business?
Given that your project is at an early stage, your focus should be to ensure that there are no roadblocks from a regulatory standpoint before you deep dive into the planning process.
Once your project is more advanced, you will have the opportunity to talk about regulation more in-depth with your lawyer.
Concluding your market research
By the time your market research is completed, you should have either:
- Pinpointed an untapped business opportunity,
- Or arrived at the realisation that the market is saturated, prompting the search for alternative business ideas or models.
If the conclusion is that there is an opportunity in the market to cater to one or more customer segments currently underserved by competitors, that's great!
Conversely, if you come to the conclusion that the market is already saturated, don’t panic! The good news is that you won’t spend several years working hard on a project that has little chance of success. There is no shortage of business ideas either - at The Business Plan Shop, we have identified more than 1,300 potential business ideas!
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Choosing the right concept and positioning for your dairy farm
Once your market research is completed, it's time to consider the type of dairy farm you want to open and define precisely your company's market positioning in order to capitalise on the opportunity you identified during your market research.
Market positioning refers to the place your product and service offering occupies in customers' minds and how they differ from competing products and services. Being perceived as the premium solution, for example.
There are four questions you need to consider:
- How will you compete with and differentiate yourself from competitors already on the market?
- Is it better to start or buy a dairy farm already in operation?
- How will you validate your concept and market positioning?
Let's look at each of these in a little more detail.
How will you compete with and differentiate yourself from competitors already on the market?
When you choose to start up a dairy farm, you are at a disadvantage compared to your rivals who have an established presence on the market.
Your competitors have a reputation, a loyal customer base and a solid team already in place, whereas you're starting from scratch...
Entering the market and taking market share from your competitors won't happen automatically, so it's important to carefully consider how you plan to establish your presence.
There are four questions to consider here:
- Can you avoid direct competition by targeting a customer segment that is currently poorly served by other players in the market?
- Can you offer something unique or complementary to what is already available on the market?
- How will you build a sustainable competitive advantage for your dairy farm?
- Do you have the resources to compete with well-established competitors on your own, or would it be wiser to explore alternative options?
Also, think about how your competitors will react to your arrival on their market.
Is it better to start or buy a dairy farm already in operation?
An alternative to opening a new business is to take over a dairy farm already trading.
Purchasing an existing dairy farm means you get a loyal customer base and an efficient team. It also avoids disrupting the equilibrium in the market by introducing a new player.
A takeover hugely reduces the risk of the business failing compared to starting a new business, whilst giving you the freedom to change the market positioning of the business taken over if you wish.
This makes buying an existing dairy farm a solid alternative to opening your own.
However, buying a business requires more capital compared to starting a dairy farm from scratch, as you will need to purchase the business from its current owner.
How will you validate your concept and market positioning?
Regardless of how you choose to establish your business, it's crucial to make sure that the way you position your company aligns with the expectations of your target market.
To achieve this, you'll have to meet with your potential customers to showcase your products or services and get their feedback.
Where should I base my dairy farm?
The next step in our guide on starting a dairy farm involves making a key choice about where you want your business to be located.
Picking the ideal location for your business is like selecting the perfect canvas for a painting. Without it, your business might not showcase its true colors.
We recommend that you take the following factors into account when making your decision:
- Climate and soil quality - This is a crucial criteria for a dairy farm as it directly impacts the quality and quantity of milk produced by the cows. A location with suitable climate and fertile soil is essential for the success of a dairy farm.
- Availability of skilled labor - Running a dairy farm requires expertise and specialized knowledge. A location with a pool of skilled labor, such as experienced dairy farmers, veterinarians, and farmhands, would be ideal for a dairy farm.
- Parking space, road and public transport accessibility - A dairy farm would require regular transportation of milk and cows, as well as access to suppliers and customers. A location with good road connectivity and public transportation options, as well as ample parking space, would make logistics easier and more efficient.
- Visibility and foot traffic - While a dairy farm may not necessarily rely on foot traffic for sales, a location with good visibility can help attract potential customers and create brand awareness. It can also make it easier for suppliers and visitors to locate the farm.
This list is not comprehensive and will have to be adjusted based on the details of your project.
The parameters to be taken into account will also depend on whether you opt to rent premises or buy them. If you are a tenant, you will need to consider the conditions attached to the lease: duration, rent increase, renewal conditions, etc.
Lease agreements differ widely from country to country, so it's essential to review the terms that apply to your situation. Before putting pen to paper, consider having your lawyer look carefully at the lease.
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What legal form should I choose for my dairy farm?
The next step to start a dairy farm is to choose the legal form of your business.
The legal form of a business simply means the legal structure it operates under. This structure outlines how the business is set up and defines its legal obligations and responsibilities.
Choosing the right legal form for your dairy farm is important because this will affect:
- Taxation: your tax obligations depend on the legal structure you choose, and this principle applies to both personal income tax and business taxes.
- Risk exposure: some legal structures have a legal personality (also known as corporate personality) and limited liability, which separates them from the owners running the business. This means that the business would be liable rather than the owners if things were to go wrong (lawsuit, debt owed in case of bankruptcy, etc.).
- Decision-making and governance: how you make key decisions varies based on the legal form of your business. In some cases you might need to have a board of directors and organise general assemblies to enable shareholders to influence major decisions with their voting rights.
- Financing: securing funding from investors requires you to have a company and they will expect limited liability and corporate personality to protect them legally.
- Paperwork and legal formalities: the legal structure you select determines whether certain obligations are necessary, such as producing annual accounts, or getting your books audited.
Deciding on a legal form is easy once you've estimated your sales, decided whether or not you need employees and figured out the number of co-founders joining you.
It's also essential to remember that a solid business idea will succeed no matter which legal structure you pick. Tax laws change regularly, so you can't rely on specific tax advantages tied to a particular structure when starting a business.
A proven approach is to look at what legal structures your top competitors are using, and go with the most common option as a working assumption. Once your idea is mature enough, and you're getting closer to officially registering your business, you can get advice from a lawyer and an accountant to confirm your choice.
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How much money do I need to start a dairy farm?
To answer this key question, we first need to look at the resources you'll need to launch your dairy farm and keep it running on a daily basis. Let's take a look at what that entails.
Since each venture is distinct, providing an average budget for starting a dairy farm is impossible.
We strongly advise careful consideration when reading estimates on the web. It’s best to ask yourself the following questions:
- Is my project similar (location, concept, planned size, etc.)?
- Can I trust where this information is coming from?
- Is the data fresh or stale?
Your thinking behind the investments and human resources required to launch and operate the business will then enable you to cost each item and include them in your financial forecast (which we'll look at later in this guide).
Once complete, the forecast will give you a precise idea of the initial investment required and profitability potential for your business idea.
Startup costs and investments to start a dairy farm
Let's start with the investments. To set up a dairy farm, initial working capital and investments can include the following items:
- Land and Buildings: This includes the cost of purchasing or leasing land for your dairy farm, as well as any buildings or structures needed for housing livestock, storing equipment, and processing milk.
- Livestock and Equipment: This category covers the cost of purchasing cows, as well as any equipment needed for milking, feeding, and maintaining the health of your herd. This may also include the cost of purchasing or leasing vehicles for transporting milk and feed.
- Machinery and Infrastructure: Running a dairy farm requires a significant amount of machinery and infrastructure, such as tractors, irrigation systems, and storage facilities for feed and milk. These items are essential for efficiently operating your farm and maintaining the health and productivity of your cows.
- Technology and Software: In today's modern dairy farming industry, technology and software play a crucial role in managing and tracking various aspects of your farm, such as milk production, herd health, and financial records. These tools can help you make more informed decisions and improve the overall efficiency of your farm.
- Renovations and Upgrades: As with any business, there will be ongoing maintenance and improvement costs for your dairy farm. This may include repairs to buildings and equipment, as well as upgrades to improve efficiency and meet regulatory standards. It's important to budget for these expenses to ensure your farm runs smoothly and remains competitive in the industry.
Of course, you will need to adapt this list to your company's specific needs.
Staffing requirements to operate a dairy farm
You'll also need to think about the staff required to run the business on a day-to-day basis.
The human resources required will vary according to the size of your company.
Once again, this list is only indicative and will need to be adjusted according to the specifics of your dairy farm.
Operating expenses of a dairy farm
The final point to consider when analyzing the resources required is the question of operating costs.
Operating expenses for a dairy farm may include:
- Feed costs: This includes purchasing feed for your dairy cows, such as hay, grains, and supplements.
- Labor costs: This covers the wages and benefits for your farm workers, including milkers, herdsmen, and other staff.
- Veterinary expenses: You will need to budget for routine check-ups, vaccinations, and other medical care for your cows.
- Utilities: This includes the costs of electricity, water, and heating for your dairy farm.
- Milk testing: You may need to send milk samples to a lab for testing to ensure the quality and safety of your product.
- Equipment maintenance: Regular maintenance and repairs for your milking equipment, tractors, and other farm machinery are necessary to keep your operations running smoothly.
- Accounting fees: Hiring an accountant to help with bookkeeping and tax preparations is important for managing your finances.
- Insurance costs: Protecting your farm and its assets from potential risks and liabilities is crucial, so budget for insurance premiums.
- Software licenses: You may need to purchase software for managing herd records, tracking milk production, and other farm management tasks.
- Banking fees: Budget for fees associated with bank accounts, loans, and other financial transactions.
- Transportation costs: This includes fuel and maintenance for vehicles used on your farm, as well as transportation costs for milk and other products.
- Marketing expenses: Promoting your dairy farm and products may require expenses such as advertising, packaging, and branding.
- Building maintenance: Regular upkeep and repairs for your barns, milking parlors, and other structures are necessary to maintain a safe and efficient environment for your cows.
- Livestock supplies: This includes purchasing items like bedding, salt and mineral supplements, and other supplies needed for your cows' health and well-being.
- Legal fees: You may need to consult with a lawyer for legal advice and assistance with contracts, permits, and other legal matters related to your dairy farm.
Here also, this list will need to be tailored to the specifics of your dairy farm but should be a good starting point for your budget.
Create a sales & marketing plan for your dairy farm
The next step to launching your dairy farm is to think about the actions you need to take to promote your products and services and build customer loyalty.
Here, you'll be looking at the following issues:
- What is the best method to attract as many new customers as possible?
- How to build customer loyalty and spread word of mouth?
- What human and financial resources will be required to implement the planned actions?
- What level of sales can I expect to generate in return?
The precise sales and marketing levers to activate will depend on the size of your dairy farm. But you could potentially leverage some of the initiatives below.
Besides your sales and marketing plan, your sales forecast will be affected by seasonal patterns related to the nature of your business, such as fluctuations during the holiday season, and your competitive landscape.
Can your business idea be profitable?
Just enter your data and let The Business Plan Shop crunch the numbers. We will tell if your business idea can generate profits and cash flows, and how much you need to get started.
How do I build my dairy farm financial forecast?
Let's now look at the financial projections you will need to prepare in order to open a dairy farm.
What is a dairy farm's financial projection?
Your financial forecast will help you budget your project so that you can evaluate:
- Its expected sales and growth potential
- Its expected profitability, to ensure that the business will be viable
- Its cash generation and financing requirements
Making your financial forecast is the only way to determine the amount of initial financing required to create your dairy farm.
There are lots of business ideas out there, but very few of them are viable, and making a financial forecast is the only way to ensure that your project makes economic and financial sense.
Creating a dairy farm financial projection is an iterative process, as you'll need to refine your figures as your business idea matures.
You'll start with a first high-level version to decide whether or not to continue working on the project.
Then, as your project takes shape, your forecasts will become increasingly accurate. You'll also need to test different assumptions to ensure that your idea of starting a dairy farm holds up even if your trading environment deteriorates (lower sales than expected, difficulties in recruiting, sudden cost increases or equipment failure problems, for example).
Your financial forecast will be part of your overall business plan, which we'll look at in more detail later. Your financial partners will use your business plan to decide if they want to finance you.
Once you've launched your business, you can compare your actual accounting figures with your forecasts, to analyze where the discrepancies come from, and then update your forecasts to maintain visibility over your future cash flows.
Financial forecasts are, therefore, a financial management tool that will be with you throughout the life of your company.
What does a financial forecast look like?
Once ready, your dairy farm forecast will be presented using the financial tables below.
The forecasted profit & loss statement
The profit & loss forecast gives you a clear picture of your business’ expected growth over the first three to five years, and whether it’s likely to be profitable or not.
The projected balance sheet
Your dairy farm's forecasted balance sheet enables you to assess your financial structure and working capital requirements.
The projected cash flow statement
A projected cash flow statement to start a dairy farm is used to show how much cash the business is expected to generate or consume over the first three years.
What is the best financial forecasting tool for starting your dairy farm?
The simplest and easiest way to create your dairy farm's projections is to use professional online financial forecasting software such as the one we offer at The Business Plan Shop.
There are several advantages to using specialised software:
- You can easily create your financial forecast by letting the software take care of the financial calculations for you without errors
- You have access to complete financial forecast templates
- You get a complete financial forecast ready to be sent to your bank or investors
- The software helps you identify and correct any inconsistencies in your figures
- You can create scenarios to stress-test your forecast's main assumptions to stress-test the robustness of your business model
- After you start trading, you can easily track your actual financial performance against your financial forecast, and recalibrate your forecast to maintain visibility on your future cash flows
- You have a friendly support team on standby to assist you when you are stuck
If you are interested in this type of solution, you can try our forecasting software for free by signing up here.
Finding a name and registering your dairy farm
The next step in starting a dairy farm is to decide on a name for your entity.
For starters, you cannot take a name similar to a name already registered by a competitor or protected by a trademark without inevitably risking getting sued. So you’ll need to find a name available, and reserve it before others can.
In addition, you will probably want to use the same name for:
- Your company’s legal name - Example LTD or Example Inc
- Your trading name - Example
- A trademark - Example ®
- Your company’s domain name - Example.com
The issue is that you’ll need to register your name in three different places almost simultaneously, but with each place having its own timeframes:
- Registering a domain name is instantaneous
- Registering a trademark takes at least 3 months (if your application is accepted)
- Registering a company depends on the country, but it's generally fairly quick
You will therefore be faced with the choice of either registering everything at once in the hope that your name will be accepted everywhere, or proceeding step by step in order to minimise costs, but taking the risk that someone else will register one of the names you wanted in the meantime.
Our advice is to discuss the strategy with your legal counsel (see further down in this guide) and to give priority to your domain names and your registered trademark. You'll always have the option of using a trading name that's different from your company's legal name, and that's not a big deal.
To check that the name you want is not already in use, you should consult:
- Your country's business register
- The register of trademarks where you wish to obtain protection
- Your preferred search engine
- A domain name reservation company (such as GoDaddy)
If the name you want is available, you can go ahead and register it.
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Deciding upon the corporate identity of your dairy farm
The next step in opening a dairy farm is to look at your company's visual identity.
Your company's “visual identity” plays a crucial role in shaping your brand image. It helps you to be recognizable and to stand out from your competitors.
Although you can define your visual identity yourself, it is generally advisable to call on the services of a designer or marketing agency to achieve a professional result.
At a minimum, you will need to define the following elements:
- Logo
- Brand guidelines
- Business cards
- Website theme
Logo
Your dairy farm's logo allows others to quickly identify your company. It will be used on all your communication media (website, social networks, business cards, etc.) and official documents (invoices, contracts, etc.).
In addition to its design, it's important that your logo is available in a variety of colors, so that it can be seen on all media (white, dark background, etc.).
Brand guidelines
Having brand guidelines enables you to maintain consistency in formatting across all your communications media and official documents.
Brand guidelines define the font (family and size), design and colours used by your brand.
In terms of fonts, for example, you may use Roboto in size 20 for your titles and Lato in size 14 for your texts.
The colours used to represent your brand should generally be limited to five:
- The main colour,
- A secondary colour (the accent),
- A dark background colour (blue or black),
- A grey background colour (to vary from white),
- Possibly another secondary colour.
Business cards
Designing business cards for your dairy farm is a must, as they will allow you to communicate your contact details to your customers, suppliers, partners, potential recruits, etc.
In principle, they will include your logo and the brand guidelines that we mentioned above.
Website theme
In the same way, the theme of your dairy farm website will be based on your logo and the brand guidelines we mentioned above.
This involves defining the look and feel of your site's main graphic elements:
- Buttons,
- Menus,
- Forms,
- Banners,
- Etc.
Understanding the legal and regulatory steps involved in opening a dairy farm
The next step in opening a dairy farm is to take the necessary legal and regulatory steps.
We recommend that you be accompanied by a law firm for all of the steps outlined below.
Registering a trademark and protecting the intellectual property of your dairy farm
The first step is to protect your company's intellectual property.
As mentioned earlier in this guide, you have the option to register a trademark. Your lawyer can assist you with a thorough search to ensure your chosen trademark is unique and doesn't conflict with existing ones and help select the classes (economic activities) and jurisdictions in which to register your trademark.
Your lawyer will also be able to advise you on other steps you could take to protect your company's other intellectual property assets.
Drafting the contractual documents for your dairy farm
Your dairy farm will rely on a set of contracts and legal documents for day-to-day operations.
Once again, we strongly recommend that you have these documents drawn up by a lawyer.
Your exact needs will depend on the country in which you are launching your dairy farm and the size of the company you are planning.
However, you may wish to consider the following documents at a minimum:
- Employment contracts
- General terms and conditions of sale
- General terms and conditions of use for your website
- Privacy Policy for your website
- Cookie Policy for your website
- Invoices
- Etc.
Applying for licences and permits and registering for various taxes
The licenses and permits needed for your business will depend on the country where you are establishing it. Your lawyer can guide you on the regulations relevant to your activity.
Similarly, your chartered accountant will be able to help you register for taxes and take the necessary steps to comply with the tax authorities.
Need a convincing business plan?
The Business Plan Shop makes it easy to create a financial forecast and write a business plan to help convince investors that your business idea can be profitable.
Writing a business plan for your dairy farm
The next step in opening a dairy farm is to draw up your business plan.
What is a dairy farm's business plan?
A business plan serves as a comprehensive roadmap outlining the objectives, strategies, and key components of your venture.
There are two essential parts to a business plan:
- A numerical part, the financial forecast we mentioned earlier in this guide, which highlights the amount of initial financing needed to launch the business and its potential profitability over the next 3 to 5 years,
- A written part, which presents in detail the project of creating a dairy farm and provides the necessary context to enable the reader of the business plan to judge the relevance and coherence of the figures included in the forecast.
Your business plan helps guide decision-making by showcasing your vision and financial potential in a coherent manner.
Your business plan will also be essential when you're looking for financing, as your financial partners will ask you for it when deciding whether or not to finance your project to open a dairy farm. So it's best to produce a professional, reliable, and error-free business plan.
In essence, your business plan is the blueprint to turn your idea into a successful reality.
What tool should you use to create your dairy farm business plan?
If you want to write a convincing business plan quickly and efficiently, a good solution is to use an online business plan software for business start-ups like the one we offer at The Business Plan Shop.
Using The Business Plan Shop to create a business plan for a dairy farm has several advantages :
- You can easily create your financial forecast by letting the software take care of the financial calculations for you without errors
- You are guided through the writing process by detailed instructions and examples for each part of the plan
- You can access a library of dozens of complete startup business plan samples and templates for inspiration
- You get a professional business plan, formatted and ready to be sent to your bank or investors
- You can create scenarios to stress test your forecast's main assumptions
- You can easily track your actual financial performance against your financial forecast by importing accounting data
- You can easily update your forecast as time goes by to maintain visibility on future cash flows
- You have a friendly support team on standby to assist you when you are stuck
If you're interested in using our solution, you can try The Business Plan Shop for free by signing up here.
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The Business Plan Shop makes it easy to create a financial forecast and write a business plan to help convince investors that your business idea can be profitable.
Financing the launch of your dairy farm
Once your business plan has been written, you’ll need to think about how you might secure the funding required to open your dairy farm.
The amount of initial financing required will of course depend on the size of your dairy farm and the country in which you wish to set up.
Financing your startup will probably require you to obtain a combination of equity and debt, which are the primary financial resources available to businesses.
Equity funding
Equity refers to the amount of money invested in your dairy farm by founders and investors and is key to starting a business.
Equity provides your company with stable, long-term (often permanent) capital. It also demonstrates the commitment of the company's owners to the project, since these sums can be lost in the event of bankruptcy.
Because the equity invested by the founders may be lost if the project doesn't succeed, it signals to investors and other financial institutions the founders' strong belief in the business's chances of success and might improve the likelihood of obtaining further funding as a result.
In terms of return on investment, equity investors receive dividends paid by the company (provided it is profitable) or realise capital gains by reselling their shares (provided they find a buyer interested in the company).
Equity investors are, therefore, in a very risky position. They stand to lose their initial investment in the case of bankruptcy and will only obtain a return on investment if the business manages to be profitable or sold. On the other hand, they could generate a very high return if the venture is a financial success.
Given their position, equity investors are usually looking to invest in business ventures with sufficient growth and profitability potential to offset their risk.
From the point of view of the company and its creditors, equity reduces risk, since equity providers finance the company and are only remunerated in the event of success.
From a technical standpoint, equity consists of:
- Share capital and premiums: which represent the amount invested by the shareholders. This capital is considered permanent as it is non-refundable. In return for their investment, shareholders receive shares that entitle them to information, decision-making power (voting in general assembly), and the potential to receive a portion of any dividends distributed by the company.
- Director loans: these are examples of non-permanent capital advanced to the company by the shareholders. This is a more flexible way of injecting some liquidity into your company than doing so as you can repay director loans at any time.
- Reserves: these represent the share of profits set aside to strengthen the company's equity. Allocating a percentage of your profits to the reserves can be mandatory in certain cases (legal or statutory requirement depending on the legal form of your company). Once allocated in reserves, these profits can no longer be distributed as dividends.
- Investment grants: these represent any non-refundable amounts received by the company to help it invest in long-term assets.
- Other equity: which includes the equity items which don't fit in the other categories. Mostly convertible or derivative instruments. For a small business, it is likely that you won't have any other equity items.
The main sources of equity are as follows:
- Personal contribution from the founders' savings.
- Private investors: business angels, friends and family.
- Crowdfunding campaigns to find investors or collect donations (usually in exchange for a gift).
- Government initiatives such as loans on favourable terms to help partners build up their start-up capital.
Debt funding
Another option for partially funding your dairy farm is to borrow.
By definition, debt works in the opposite way to equity:
- Debt needs to be repaid, whereas equity is permanent.
- Lenders get a contractually guaranteed return, whereas equity investors only generate a return if the company is a success.
When a company borrows money, it agrees to pay interest and repay the borrowed principal according to a pre-established schedule. Therefore, lenders make money regardless of whether the company is profitable and their main risk is if the company goes bankrupt.
To limit their risk, lenders are usually conservative and cautious in their approach. They only finance projects where they are confident that they will be repaid in full.
Companies borrow in two ways:
- Against their assets: this is the most common way of borrowing. The bank finances a percentage of the price of an asset (a vehicle or a building, for example) and takes the asset as collateral. If the company cannot repay, the bank seizes the asset and sells it to limit its losses.
- Against their future cash flows: the bank evaluates the company's financial forecast to estimate its borrowing capacity and assesses the conditions (amount, interest rate, term, etc.) on which it is prepared to lend, taking into account the credit risk posed by the company.
It's difficult to borrow against future cash flow when setting up a dairy farm, because the business doesn't yet have historical data to reassure lenders about the credibility of the forecasted cash flows.
Borrowing against assets is, therefore, often the only option available to entrepreneurs. What's more, the assets that can be financed with this option must be easy to resell, in the unfortunate event that the bank is forced to seize them, which may limit your options even further.
In terms of possible sources of borrowing, the main sources here are banks and credit institutions. Bear in mind, however, that each institution is different, both in terms of the risk it is prepared to accept and in terms of how the risk of your project will be perceived and what items it will agree to finance.
In some countries, it is also possible to borrow from private investors (directly or via crowdlending platforms) or other companies, but not everywhere.
Things to remember about financing a dairy farm
There are various ways you can raise the initial financing you need to open your dairy farm. A minimum amount of equity will be needed to give the project credibility, and bank financing can be sought to complete the package.
Track your actuals against your forecast
You've reached the end of the road and are ready to launch your dairy farm.
Congratulations and welcome to the fantastic world of entrepreneurship! Celebrate the work you've done so far, and get back to work quickly, because this is where the real work begins.
Your first priority will be to do everything you can to make your business sustainable (and thus avoid being one of the 50% of start-ups that fail within five years of launching).
Your business plan will be your best ally to ensure that you're on track to achieve your objectives, or to help rectify the situation if necessary.
The key to financial management is to regularly compare your actual accounting data with your dairy farm forecasts, in order to be able to :
- Quantify the gaps between what you planned and what you achieved
- Adjust your financial forecasts as the year progresses to maintain visibility over your future cash flow
No one can predict the future with certainty, but by closely monitoring the variances between actuals and forecasts, regularly adjusting your forecasts and simulating several scenarios, you can prepare your dairy farm for the worst while hoping for the best.
It's the only way to keep an eye on your cash flow and actively manage the development of your dairy farm, ultimately reducing the risk to your company.
There's nothing worse than waiting for your company's annual accounts to close, which can be many months after the end of your financial year (up to nine months in the UK for example), only to realize that you've fallen far short of your forecasts for the past year, and that your dairy farm urgently needs a cash injection to keep going.
That's why it's strongly recommended to use a financial planning and analysis solution that integrates forecasting, scenario analysis, and actuals vs. forecast tracking, like we do at The Business Plan Shop with our financial dashboards.
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Key takeaways
- To open a dairy farm you need to go through each of the 15 steps we have outlined in this guide.
- The financial forecast is the tool that will enable you to check that your project can be profitable and to estimate the investment and initial financing requirements.
- The business plan is the document that your financial partners will ask you to produce when seeking finance.
- Once you have started trading, it will be essential to keep your financial forecasts up to date in order to maintain visibility of the future cash flow of your dairy farm.
- Leveraging a financial planning and analysis platform that seamlessly integrates forecasts, business plans, and real-time performance monitoring — like The Business Plan Shop — simplifies the process and mitigates risks associated with launching a business.
We hope this practical guide has given you a better understanding of how to open a dairy farm. Please do not hesitate to contact our team if you have any questions or if you would like to share your experience of setting up your own business.
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Founder & CEO at The Business Plan Shop Ltd
