How to write a business plan for a import-export company?

Writing a business plan for a import-export company can be an intimidating task, especially for those just starting.

This in-depth guide is designed to help entrepreneurs like you understand how to create a comprehensive business plan so that you can approach the exercise with method and confidence.

We'll cover: why writing a import-export company business plan is so important - both when starting up, and when running and growing the business - what information you need to include in your plan, how it should be structured, and what tools you can use to get the job done efficiently.

Let's get started!

Why write a business plan for a import-export company?

Having a clear understanding of why you want to write a business plan for your import-export company will make it simpler for you to grasp the rationale behind its structure and content. So before delving into the plan's actual details, let's take a moment to remind ourselves of the primary reasons why you'd want to create a import-export company business plan.

To have a clear roadmap to grow the business

Small businesses rarely experience a constant and predictable environment. Economic cycles go up and down, while the business landscape is mutating constantly with new regulations, technologies, competitors, and consumer behaviours emerging when we least expect it.

In this dynamic context, it's essential to have a clear roadmap for your import-export company. Otherwise, you are navigating in the dark which is dangerous given that - as a business owner - your capital is at risk.

That's why crafting a well-thought-out business plan is crucial to ensure the long-term success and sustainability of your venture.

To create an effective business plan, you'll need to take a step-by-step approach. First, you'll have to assess your current position (if you're already in business), and then identify where you'd like your import-export company to be in the next three to five years.

Once you have a clear destination for your import-export company, you'll focus on three key areas:

Resources: you'll determine the human, equipment, and capital resources needed to reach your goals successfully.
Speed: you'll establish the optimal pace at which your business needs to grow if it is to meet its objectives within the desired timeframe.
Risks: you'll identify and address potential risks you might encounter along the way.

By going through this process regularly, you'll be able to make informed decisions about resource allocation, paving the way for the long-term success of your business.

To maintain visibility on future cash flows

Businesses can go for years without making a profit, but they go bust as soon as they run out of cash. That's why "cash is king", and maintaining visibility on your import-export company's future cash flows is critical.

How do I do that? That's simple: you need an up-to-date financial forecast.

The good news is that your import-export company business plan already contains a financial forecast (more on that later in this guide), so all you have to do is to keep it up-to-date.

To do this, you need to regularly compare the actual financial performance of your business to what was planned in your financial forecast, and adjust the forecast based on the current trajectory of your business.

Monitoring your import-export company's financial health will enable you to identify potential financial problems (such as an unexpected cash shortfall) early and to put in place corrective measures. It will also allow you to detect and capitalize on potential growth opportunities (higher demand from a given segment of customers for example).

To secure financing

A detailed business plan becomes a crucial tool when seeking financing from banks or investors for your import-export company.

Investing and lending to small businesses are very risky activities given how fragile they are. Therefore, financiers have to take extra precautions before putting their capital at risk.

At a minimum, financiers will want to ensure that you have a clear roadmap and a solid understanding of your future cash flows (like we just explained above). But they will also want to ensure that your business plan fits the risk/reward profile they seek.

This will off-course vary from bank to bank and investor to investor, but as a rule of thumb. Banks will want to see a conservative financial management style (low risk), and they will use the information in your business plan to assess your borrowing capacity — the level of debt they think your business can comfortably handle — and your ability to repay the loan. This evaluation will determine whether they'll provide credit to your import-export company and the terms of the agreement.

Whereas investors will carefully analyze your business plan to gauge the potential return on their investment. Their focus lies on evidence indicating your import-export company's potential for high growth, profitability, and consistent cash flow generation over time.

Now that you recognize the importance of creating a business plan for your import-export company, let's explore what information is required to create a compelling plan.

Information needed to create a business plan for a import-export company

You need the right data in order to project sales, investments and costs accurately in the financial forecast of your import-export company business plan.

Below, we'll cover three key pieces of information you should gather before drafting your business plan.

Carrying out market research for a import-export company

Before you begin writing your business plan for a import-export company, conducting market research is a critical step in ensuring precise and realistic financial projections.

Market research grants you valuable insights into your target customer base, competitors, pricing strategies, and other crucial factors that can impact the success of your business.

In the course of this research, you may stumble upon trends that could impact your import-export company.

You may discover that people may be increasingly interested in products from certain regions, such as South Asian products. Additionally, research could reveal that consumers might be more willing to pay a higher price for premium products.

Such market trends play a pivotal role in revenue forecasting, as they provide essential data regarding potential customers' spending habits and preferences.

By integrating these findings into your financial projections, you can provide investors with more accurate information, enabling them to make well-informed decisions about investing in your import-export company.

Developing the sales and marketing plan for a import-export company

As you embark on creating your import-export company business plan, it is crucial to budget sales and marketing expenses beforehand.

A well-defined sales and marketing plan should include precise projections of the actions required to acquire and retain customers. It will also outline the necessary workforce to execute these initiatives and the budget required for promotions, advertising, and other marketing efforts.

This approach ensures that the appropriate amount of resources is allocated to these activities, aligning with the sales and growth objectives outlined in your business plan.

The staffing and capital expenditure requirements of a import-export company

Whether you are starting or expanding a import-export company, it is important to have a clear plan for recruitment and capital expenditures (investment in equipment and real estate) in order to ensure the success of the business.

Both the recruitment and investment plans need to be coherent with the timing and level of growth planned in your forecast, and require appropriate funding.

The staffing costs for an import-export company might include salaries for employees such as import/export managers, sales personnel, customer service representatives, and administrative staff. Equipment costs might include computers, phones, fax machines, scanners, copiers, and other office equipment. Additionally, the company might incur shipping costs for supplies, such as packing materials, as well as costs for transportation of goods.

In order to create a realistic financial forecast, you will also need to consider the other operating expenses associated with running the business on a day-to-day basis (insurance, bookkeeping, etc.).

Once you have all the necessary information to create a business plan for your import-export company, it is time to start creating your financial forecast.

What goes into your import-export company's financial forecast?

The objective of the financial forecast of your import-export company's business plan is to show the growth, profitability, funding requirements, and cash generation potential of your business over the next 3 to 5 years.

The four key outputs of a financial forecast for a import-export company are:

The profit and loss (P&L) statement,
The projected balance sheet,
The cash flow forecast,
And the sources and uses table.

Let's look at each of these in a bit more detail.

The projected P&L statement

The projected P&L statement for a import-export company shows how much revenue and profits your business is expected to generate in the future.

projected profit and loss statement example in a import-export company business plan

Ideally, your import-export company's P&L statement should show:

Healthy growth - above inflation level
Improving or stable profit margins
Positive net profit

Expectations will vary based on the stage of your business. A startup will be expected to grow faster than an established import-export company. And similarly, an established company should showcase a higher level of profitability than a new venture.

The projected balance sheet of your import-export company

Your import-export company's forecasted balance sheet enables the reader of your plan to assess your financial structure, working capital, and investment policy.

It is composed of three types of elements: assets, liabilities and equity:

Assets: represent what the business owns and uses to produce cash flows. It includes resources such as cash, equipment, and accounts receivable (money owed by clients).
Liabilities: represent funds advanced to the business by lenders and other creditors. It includes items such as accounts payable (money owed to suppliers), taxes due and loans.
Equity: is the combination of what has been invested by the business owners and the cumulative profits and losses generated by the business to date (which are called retained earnings). Equity is a proxy for the value of the owner's stake in the business.

example of forecasted balance sheet in a import-export company business plan

Your import-export company's balance sheet will usually be analyzed in conjunction with the other financial statements included in your forecast.

Two key points of focus will be:

Your import-export company's liquidity: does your business have sufficient cash and short-term assets to pay what it owes over the next 12 months?
And its solvency: does your business have the capacity to repay its debt over the medium-term?

The cash flow forecast

As we've seen earlier in this guide, monitoring future cash flows is the key to success and the only way of ensuring that your import-export company has enough cash to operate.

As you can expect showing future cash flows is the main role of the cash flow forecast in your import-export company business plan.

example of projected cash flow forecast in a import-export company business plan

It is best practice to organise the cash flow statement by nature in order to show the cash impact of the following areas:

Cash flow generated from operations: the operating cash flow shows how much cash is generated or consumed by the business's commercial activities
Cash flow from investing activities: the investing cash flow shows how much cash is being invested in capital expenditure (equipment, real estate, etc.) either to maintain the business's equipment or to expand its capabilities
Cash flow from financing activities: the financing cash flow shows how much cash is raised or distributed to financiers

Looking at the cash flow forecast helps you to make sure that your business has enough cash to keep running, and can help you anticipate potential cash shortfalls.

Your import-export company business plan will normally include both yearly and monthly cash flow forecasts so that the readers can view the impact of seasonality on your business cash position and generation.

The initial financing plan

The sources and uses table or initial financing plan is a key component of your business plan when starting a import-export company.

It shows where the capital needed to set up the business will come from (sources) and how it will be spent (uses).

sources and uses table in a import-export company business plan

This table helps size the investment required to set up the import-export company, and understand how risks will be distributed between the business owners, and the financiers.

The sources and uses table also highlights what the starting cash position will be. This is key for startups as the business needs to have sufficient funding to sustain operations until the break-even point is reached.

Now that you have a clear understanding of what will go into the financial forecast of your import-export company business plan, let's have a look at the written part of the plan.

The written part of a import-export company business plan

The written part of the business plan is where you will explain what your business does and how it operates, what your target market is, whom you compete against, and what strategy you will put in place to seize the commercial opportunity you've identified.

Having this context is key for the reader to form a view on whether or not they believe that your plan is achievable and the numbers in your forecast realistic.

The written part of a import-export company business plan is composed of 7 main sections:

The executive summary
The presentation of the company
The products and services
The market analysis
The strategy
The operations
The financial plan

Let's go through the content of each section in more detail!

1. The executive summary

The first section of your import-export company's business plan is the executive summary which provides, as its name suggests, an enticing summary of your plan which should hook the reader and make them want to know more about your business.

When writing the executive summary, it is important to provide an overview of the business, the market, the key financials, and what you are asking from the reader.

Start with a brief introduction of the business, its name, concept, location, how long it has been in operation, and what makes it unique. Mention any services or products you plan to offer and who you sell to.

Then you should follow with an overview of the addressable market for your import-export company, current trends, and potential growth opportunities.

You should then include a summary of your key financial figures such as projected revenues, profits, and cash flows.

Finally, you should detail any funding requirements in the ask section.

2. The presentation of the company

The second section in your import-export company's business plan should focus on the structure and ownership, location, and management team of the company.

The structure and ownership part provides an overview of the legal structure of the business, who the owners are and how much each has invested and owns. If you are seeking financing it is important that the reader gets a clear picture of which legal entity is receiving the funds, and who controls the business.

The location part should give an overview of the premises from which the company is operating, and why that location is of particular interest (catchment area, accessibility, amenities nearby, etc.).

When describing the location of your import-export company to a third party financier, you could emphasize the potential for business opportunities in the area. You may mention that the area is known to be an attractive destination for international business due to its proximity to a major airport and its access to a variety of transportation and communication networks. Additionally, you could emphasize the potential for growth in the area, as the local economy is known to be booming. You might also mention the diverse cultural landscape and the potential to tap into a global customer base. Lastly, you could mention the access to a wide range of resources and the potential to increase your company's efficiency.

Finally, you should introduce the management team. Explain each member's role, background, and experience.

It is also important to emphasize any past successes that the members of the management team have achieved, and how long they've been working together, as this will help potential lenders or investors understand why they should trust in their leadership.

3. The products and services section

The products and services section of your business plan should include a detailed description of the offerings that your company provides to its customers.

For example, your import-export company might offer products such as raw materials, finished goods, and machinery. It might also offer services such as international shipping, customs clearance, and freight forwarding. This would enable customers to purchase from overseas suppliers, receive goods from abroad, and complete their business transactions with relative ease.

When drafting this section, you should be precise about the categories of products or services you sell, the types of customers you are targeting and how customers can buy them.

4. The market analysis

When you present your market analysis in your import-export company business plan, it's crucial to include detailed information about customers' demographics and segmentation, target market, competition, barriers to entry, and any relevant regulations.

The main objective of this section is to help the reader understand the size and attractiveness of the market while demonstrating your solid understanding of the industry.

Begin with the demographics and segmentation subsection, providing an overview of the addressable market for your import-export company, the key trends in the marketplace, and introducing different customer segments along with their preferences in terms of purchasing habits and budgets.

Next, focus on your target market, zooming in on the specific customer segments your import-export company aims to serve and explaining how your products and services fulfil their distinct needs.

For example, your target market might include small business owners. These small business owners are typically looking to expand their product offerings, so they are looking for an import-export company to help them source products at a lower cost. Additionally, they will want the convenience of having the import-export company manage the logistics of getting the product to their business.

Then proceed to the competition subsection, where you introduce your main competitors and highlight what sets you apart from them.

Finally, conclude your market analysis with an overview of the key regulations applicable to your import-export company.

5. The strategy section

When crafting the strategy section of your business plan for your import-export company, it's important to cover several key aspects, including your competitive edge, pricing strategy, sales & marketing plan, milestones, and risks and mitigants.

In the competitive edge subsection, clearly explain what sets your company apart from competitors. This is particularly critical if you're a startup, as you'll be trying to establish your presence in the marketplace among entrenched players.

The pricing strategy subsection should demonstrate how you aim to maintain profitability while offering competitive prices to your customers.

For the sales & marketing plan, outline how you plan to reach and acquire new customers, as well as retain existing ones through loyalty programs or special offers.

In the milestones subsection, detail what your company has achieved thus far and outline your primary objectives for the coming years by including specific dates for expected progress. This ensures everyone involved has clear expectations.

Lastly, in the risks and mitigants subsection, list the main risks that could potentially impact the execution of your plan. Explain the measures you've taken to minimize these risks. This is vital for investors or lenders to feel confident in supporting your venture - try to proactively address any objection they might have.

Your import-export company could face financial risks. For example, it could be exposed to currency fluctuations, which may cause costs to rise and profits to fall. Additionally, your company could be exposed to operational risks, such as delays in shipping, customs or shipment inspections, or the possibility of losing cargo due to theft or natural disasters. All of these risks could hinder the normal functioning of your business and lead to significant financial losses.

6. The operations section

In your business plan, it's also essential to provide a detailed overview of the operations of your import-export company.

Start by covering your team, highlighting key roles and your recruitment plan to support the expected growth. Outline the qualifications and experience required for each role and your intended recruitment methods, whether through job boards, referrals, or headhunters.

Next, clearly state your import-export company's operating hours, allowing the reader to assess staffing levels adequately. Additionally, mention any plans for varying opening times during peak seasons and how you'll handle customer queries outside normal operating hours.

Then, shift your focus to the key assets and intellectual property (IP) necessary for your business. If you rely on licenses, trademarks, physical structures like equipment or property, or lease agreements, make sure to include them in this section.

You may have key assets such as your customer list and your supplier list, which are both essential to the success of the business. Additionally, you could have intellectual property such as logos, trademarks, and other such assets which may help you differentiate your business from competitors.

Lastly, include a list of suppliers you plan to work with, detailing their services and main commercial terms, such as price, payment terms, and contract duration. Investors are interested in understanding why you've chosen specific suppliers, which may be due to higher-quality products or established relationships from previous ventures.

7. The presentation of the financial plan

The financial plan section is where we will include the financial forecast we talked about earlier in this guide.

Now that you have a clear idea of the content of a import-export company business plan, let's look at some of the tools you can use to create yours.

What tool should I use to write my import-export company's business plan?

There are two main ways of creating your import-export company business plan:

Using specialized business planning software,
Hiring a business plan writer.

Using an online business plan software for your import-export company's business plan

Using online business planning software is the most efficient and modern way to create a import-export company business plan.

There are several advantages to using specialized software:

You can easily create your financial forecast by letting the software take care of the financial calculations for you without errors
You are guided through the writing process by detailed instructions and examples for each part of the plan
You can access a library of dozens of complete business plan samples and templates for inspiration
You get a professional business plan, formatted and ready to be sent to your bank or investors
You can easily track your actual financial performance against your financial forecast
You can create scenarios to stress test your forecast's main assumptions
You can easily update your forecast as time goes by to maintain visibility on future cash flows
You have a friendly support team on standby to assist you when you are stuck

If you're interested in using this type of solution, you can try The Business Plan Shop for free by signing up here.

Hiring a business plan writer to write your import-export company's business plan

Outsourcing your import-export company business plan to a business plan writer can also be a viable option.

These writers possess valuable experience in crafting business plans and creating accurate financial forecasts. Additionally, enlisting their services can save you precious time, enabling you to concentrate on the day-to-day operations of your business.

It's important to be mindful, though, that hiring business plan writers comes with a cost. You'll be paying not just for their time but also for the software they use, and their profit margin.

Based on experience, a complete business plan usually requires a budget of at least £1.5k ($2.0k) excluding tax, and more if revisions are needed after initial meetings with lenders or investors - changes often arise following these discussions.

When seeking investment, be cautious about spending too much on consulting fees. Investors prefer their funds to contribute directly to business growth. Thus, the amount you spend on business plan writing services and other consulting services should be negligible compared to the amount you raise.

Another aspect to consider is that while you'll receive the output of the business plan, you usually won't own the actual document. It will be saved in the consultant's business plan software, which will make updating the plan challenging without retaining the consultant on a retainer.

Given these factors, it's essential to carefully weigh the pros and cons of outsourcing your import-export company business plan to a business plan writer and decide what best suits your business's unique needs.

Why not create your import-export company's business plan using Word or Excel?

Using Microsoft Excel and Word (or their Google, Apple, or open-source equivalents) to write a import-export company business plan is a terrible idea.

Why?

For starters, creating an accurate and error-free financial forecast on Excel (or any spreadsheet) is very technical and requires both a strong grasp of accounting principles and solid skills in financial modelling.

As a result, it is unlikely anyone will trust your numbers unless - like us at The Business Plan Shop - you hold a degree in finance and accounting and have significant financial modelling experience in your past.

The second reason is that it is inefficient. Building forecasts on spreadsheets was the only option in the 1990s and early 2000s, nowadays technology has advanced and software can do it much faster and much more accurately.

And with the rise of AI, software is also becoming smarter at helping us detect mistakes in our forecasts and helping us analyse the numbers to make better decisions.

Also, using software makes it easy to compare actuals vs. forecasts and maintain our forecasts up to date to maintain visibility on future cash flows - as we discussed earlier in this guide - whereas this is a pain to do with a spreadsheet.

That's for the forecast, but what about the written part of my import-export company business plan?

This part is less error-prone, but here also software brings tremendous gains in productivity:

Word processors don't include instructions and examples for each part of your business plan
Word processors don't update your numbers automatically when they change in your forecast
Word processors don't handle the formatting for you
...

Overall, while Word or Excel may be viable options for creating a import-export company business plan for some entrepreneurs, it is by far not the best or most efficient solution.

Takeaways

Using business plan software is a modern and cost-effective way of writing and maintaining business plans.
A business plan is not a one-shot exercise as maintaining it current is the only way to keep visibility on your future cash flows.
A business plan has 2 main parts: a financial forecast outlining the funding requirements of your import-export company and the expected growth, profits and cash flows for the next 3 to 5 years; and a written part which gives the reader the information needed to decide if they believe the forecast is achievable.

We hope that this in-depth guide met your expectations and that you now have a clear understanding of how to write your import-export company business plan. Do not hesitate to contact our friendly team if you have questions additional questions we haven't addressed here.